180-300 mL; HCT=0%; expires 24 h post-thaw) jumbo FFP=400-600 mL fresh frozen plasma (FFP) consists of the fluid portion of blood that is separated by centrifugation and frozen at -18 c or colder within 8 hours after collection of whole blood if the anticoagulant solution is cpd, cp2d, or cpda-1. Plasma collected in acd or 2-3% sodium citrate must be frozen within 6 hours. The volume of this component is generally between 180 and 300 mL. FFP is also available in single donor 400-600 mL bags and is equal to 2-3 u FFP ("jumbo FFP"). This has the advantage of few donor exposures, but takes longer to thaw (average of 45 minutes vs. 25 minutes for regular-sized FFP). Each unit contains approximately 400-800 mg fibrinogen and 200 u (1 u/mL) of other coagulation factors. The amount of coagulation factor activity in one unit of FFP equals approximately 7% of the coagulation factor activity in a 70 kg patient. There are insignificant numbers of leukocytes and no RBC. FFP frozen at -18 c outdates at 1 year. FFP frozen at -65 c may be stored for up to 7 years provided that a minimum of -65 c is maintained during the storage period. FFP may be used for up to 24 hours after thawing if kept at 4 °C. Indications: PLT ≥ 16 or INR ≥ 1.5 PLT ≥ 46  1) management of bleeding for preoperative patients who require replacement of plasma coagulation factors when specific corrective factors are not available. 2) patients with massive transfusion who have abnormal coagulation assays. 3) patients on coumadin who are bleeding or need to undergo an invasive procedure before vitamin K could reverse the coumadin effect. 4) patients with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP). Contraindications: 1) do not use FFP when coagulopathy can be corrected more effectively with specific therapy, such as vitamin K, cryoprecipitated ahf, or factor VII:C concentrates. 2) do not use FFP when blood volume can be safely and adequately replaced with other volume expanders such as 0.9% sodium chloride, injection (usp); lactated ringer's, injection (usp); 5% albumin; plasma protein fraction. Side effects and hazards are described on side effects and hazards pertaining to transfusion of whole blood or any component prepared from blood collected from individual donors. Also, antibodies in the plasma may react with the recipient's red cells, causing a positive direct antiglobulin test. In rare instances, noncardiogenic pulmonary edema (transfusion-related acute lung injury{trali}) may develop due to antibodies in donor plasma that react with recipient leukocytes. Dosage and administration: compatibility tests before transfusion are not necessary. Plasma should be ABO-compatible with the recipient's red cells. The volume transfused depends on the clinical situation and patient size, and may be guided by laboratory assays of coagulation function.