Most cases of cervical cancer are caused by infection with the sexually transmitted Human Papillomavirus (HPV). Additional risk factors for cervical cancer, according to data from the National Cancer Institute, can include:
- Not getting regular Pap tests
- Age - cervical cancer is most common in women over 40
- Multiple sex partners
- An impaired immune system
- Multiple full-term pregnancies may be a factor if HPV virus is present
- Long-term use of oral contraception (five years or more) may be a factor if HPV virus is present
- Cigarette smoking - women with HPV who smoke have a higher risk than women smokers without HPV
What are the Symptoms?
Because women usually don’t have symptoms until abnormal cells turn into cancer and invade the deepest parts of the cervix or pelvis, it is vitally important to have a regular Pap test. The following early symptoms might be noticed:
- Vaginal discharge that is heavier than normal and may be bloody or foul smelling
- Abnormal vaginal bleeding
- Odor from vaginal discharge
- Pain during sex or in the pelvic area unrelated to sex or other activities
- Bleeding after sex
In cases of more advanced cancer, symptoms may include:
- Pain in the pelvic area
- Heavy vaginal bleeding
- A single swollen leg
Learn More About Cervical Cancer
Request a Consultation with a UCSD Gynecologic Oncology Specialist Using our Online Form
Call our New Patient Office at (858) 822-6100, or toll-free (866) 773-2703