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A process called staging is used to determine how much a cancer has spread and what treatment options will be considered. According to the National Cancer Institute, the following stages are used for vulvar cancer.
- Stage 0 (Carcinoma in Situ): Cells are found on the surface of the vulvar skin. These abnormal cells may become cancer and spread into nearby normal tissue.
- Stage I: Cancer has formed and is found in the vulva only or in the vulva and perineum (area between the rectum and the vagina). The tumor is 2 centimeters or smaller and has spread to the epidermis of the vulva.
- Stage IA: The tumor has spread 1 millimeter or less beneath the epidermis.
- Stage IB: The tumor has spread more than 1 millimeter beneath the epidermis.
- Stage II: Cancer is found only in the vulva or the vulva and perineum (space between the rectum and the vagina), and the tumor is larger than 2 centimeters.
- Stage III: Cancer is of any size and either:
- is found only in the vulva or the vulva and perineum and has spread to nearby lymph nodes in one groin, or
- has spread to nearby tissues such as the lower part of the urethra and/or vagina or anus, and may have spread to nearby lymph nodes in one groin
- Stage IVA: Cancer has spread to nearby lymph nodes in both groins, or has spread beyond nearby tissues to the upper part of the urethra, bladder, or rectum, or has attached to the pelvic bone and may have spread to lymph nodes.
- Stage IVB: Cancer has spread to distant parts of the body.
Read more about Vulvar Cancer
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Moores UCSD Cancer Center
3855 Health Sciences Drive
La Jolla, CA 92093
(866) 773-2703 |