Kidney Transplant Process

Types of Donor Kidney Transplants

More than 100,000 people were on the waiting list for a kidney transplant in the United States, according to the National Kidney Foundation. The average wait time for a kidney from a deceased donor can be at least 3.6 years.

Kidneys can come from either deceased or living donors. Because of the shortage of deceased donors, more and more people are considering living donors.

Types of donor kidney transplant:

• Deceased donor kidney transplant
  A deceased kidney donation comes from a donor who is diagnosed as “brain dead” but whose other organs are functioning. Our Center for Transplantation tests the functionality of deceased-donor kidneys through high-end technology before the kidneys are transplanted into recipients.
• Living donor kidney transplant
  A living transplant comes from a living donor, such as a family member or friend, who donates one of their kidneys. A living kidney donor eliminates the need to wait for a compatible deceased donor and results in improved long-term function of the transplanted kidney. Our kidney transplant team specializes in robot-assisted donor nephrectomy (kidney removal), a minimally invasive procedure that reduces the size of the incision for the removal of the donor kidney and speeds up recovery time for the donor. Discover more about living kidney donation.
• Paired kidney transplantation
  A form of living donation, paired kidney transplant allows donors who are not blood- or tissue-compatible with their recipient to "exchange" their kidney with a donor who is compatible. This enables two recipients to receive organs with matched blood types. As part of the National Kidney Registry’s Paired Exchange Program, our team is able to perform this unique form of living kidney donor transplantation.

Kidney Transplant Surgery and Recovery

Kidney transplantation is performed under general anesthesia and the average operating time is three hours. In most cases, the existing kidneys and ureter are not disturbed. The donated kidney is placed in a different location (in the front of the lower abdomen and pelvis) and is surgically attached to the vessels that take blood to the leg.

Recovery may take one to two weeks, and resuming normal activities may take up to a year. Quality of life usually improves dramatically and most people are able to lead healthy lives. However, there is still some risk of rejection, infection or cancer, so close monitoring of kidney function during this time is critical.

Rejection of a transplanted kidney occurs when the body identifies the organ as a foreign object. Up to 30 percent of people experience rejection to some degree. Most cases of rejection occur within the first six months following transplantation.

Anti-rejection medications, also known as immunosuppressive agents, are used to prevent and treat transplant organ rejection. These medications must be taken for life. Find out more about care after kidney transplantation.